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The United States officially announced "reciprocal tariffs" - this is the most complete tariff list

Published on August 1, 2025

The countdown to the final implementation deadline for Trump's tariff policy has begun. The White House announced that a series of adjusted "reciprocal tariff" rates will officially take effect on August 1st, implementing differentiated tariff policies for global trading partners.

According to CCTV News, on July 31st local time, the White House issued an executive order re-establishing the "reciprocal tariff" rate standards for certain countries: individual tariff rates will apply to countries listed in Annex 1 of the executive order, while a uniform 10% tariff will apply to countries not included. If a country or region uses third-party transshipment to circumvent tariffs, its goods will be subject to a 40% transshipment tax.

US President Trump also signed an executive order increasing tariffs on Canada from 25% to 35%, effective August 1st. The White House statement stated that the tariff increase was "in response to Canada's continued inaction and retaliatory actions," and that the president "believes that this increase is necessary to effectively address the current emergency situation."

In addition, the list released by the White House shows that major economies that reached agreements with the US, such as the EU and Japan, have received relatively favorable tariff arrangements. Switzerland and South Africa will face punitive tariffs of up to 39% and 30%, respectively. India will be subject to a 25% tariff, goods from Taiwan and Vietnam will be subject to a 20% tariff, and goods from Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia will be subject to a 19% tariff.

Market reaction to this in early Asian trading was muted, with the Canadian dollar and South African rand remaining largely stable, the Thai baht falling slightly, and the Swiss franc also weakening slightly.

New Tariff Landscape: 10% Baseline vs. Differentiated Arrangements

According to the White House executive order, the new tariff structure establishes a clear two-track system: countries that have negotiated and reached agreements with the US will be subject to the negotiated specific tariff rates; other countries not included in the specific list will face a uniform 10% base tariff.

According to media reports, a senior US government official was quoted as saying that countries are divided into three categories: those with a merchandise trade deficit with the US will face a 10% tariff; those with agreements or small merchandise trade surpluses will face a tariff of approximately 15%; and those without an agreement and with large merchandise trade surpluses will face higher tariffs.

The White House emphasized that differences in tariff rates between countries directly reflect the outcomes and positions of their trade negotiations with the US. The executive order explicitly states that some trading partners have agreed to or are close to reaching meaningful trade and security agreements, while other countries' proposals are deemed insufficient to address trade imbalances, and some countries have even opted out of the negotiations entirely.

Under this framework, the tariff rates faced by different countries vary significantly:

  • Base Rate: Countries not named in the executive order's annex will be subject to a uniform 10% additional tariff on goods exported to the US.
  • European Union: A 15% tariff rate was imposed after agreeing to purchase $750 billion in US energy and make $600 billion in new investments in the US by 2028. The specific implementation of this tariff is that for EU goods exported to the US, if the existing tariff rate is below 15%, additional tariffs will be imposed to bring the total tariff rate to 15%; if the existing tariff rate is already equal to or higher than 15%, no additional tariffs will be imposed.
  • Japan: After agreeing to invest $550 billion in the US to rebuild core industries and further open its domestic market, it will also receive a base tariff rate of 15%.
  • India: After months of trade negotiations between the US and India have failed to produce results, the US will impose a 25% tariff on Indian goods imported to the US starting August 1st, along with other "punitive" measures.
  • Canada: The tariff rate will be raised from 25% to 35%, one of the harshest measures against major trading partners in this round of adjustments.
  • Switzerland: A tariff of up to 39% will be imposed, a far higher than expected rate, making it one of the economies hardest hit.
  • Taiwan: Facing a 20% tariff, higher than its neighbor and tech export competitor, South Korea. Southeast Asian countries: Thailand, Cambodia, and Malaysia all have tariffs set at 19%. Mexico: According to CCTV, on July 31, US President Trump posted on his social media platform, "Real Social," stating that the complexity of reaching an agreement with Mexico was different from that with other countries. Mexico agreed to extend the bilateral agreement for 90 days, meaning it will continue to pay a 25% fentanyl tariff, a 25% auto tariff, and 50% tariffs on steel, aluminum, and copper.